Three-dimensional analysis of the tricuspid annular geometry in healthy subjects and in patients with different grades of functional tricuspid regurgitation

Table 1 Demographics, tricuspid valve and right heart parameters in all three study groups

	No or mild TR (n = 60)	Moderate TR (n = 49)	p-value*	Severe TR (n = 46)	p-value†
Sex (female)	30 (50)	30 (61.2)	0.241	28 (60.9)	0.972
Age, yrs	48.3 ± 16.6	64.4 ± 14.0	< 0.001	73.9 ± 10.2	< 0.001
Weight, kg	77.8 ± 15.6	77.7 ± 16.9	0.982	78.8 ± 16.4	0.752
Height, cm	173.7 ± 10.3	168.9 ± 10.5	0.022	166.3 ± 7.8	0.201
BSA, m²	1.9 ± 0.2	1.9 ± 0.2	0.536	1.9 ± 0.2	0.989
Atrial fibrillation	0 (0)	26 (46.9)	< 0.001	44 (95.7)	< 0.001
PASP, mmHg	-	41.8 ± 14.1	-	43.1 ± 10.1	0.648
TA area, cm²	8.3 ± 2.0	10.7 ± 2.3	< 0.001	15.2 ± 3.0	< 0.001
TA perimeter, cm	10.4 ± 1.3	11.8 ± 1.2	< 0.001	14.1 ± 1.4	< 0.001
Major axis, cm	3.6 ± 0.5	4.0 ± 0.5	< 0.001	4.7 ± 0.6	< 0.001
Minor axis, cm	2.8 ± 0.4	3.2 ± 0.5	< 0.001	3.9 ± 0.5	< 0.001
4Ch diameter, cm	3.0 ± 0.5	3.6 ± 0.5	< 0.001	4.4 ± 0.5	< 0.001
2Ch diameter, cm	3.0 ± 0.5	3.4 ± 0.5	< 0.001	4.0 ± 0.5	< 0.001
Max tenting height, cm	0.5 ± 0.2	0.7 ± 0.2	< 0.001	0.9 ± 0.3	< 0.001
Coaptation height, cm	0.4 ± 0.2	0.5 ± 0.2	< 0.001	0.7 ± 0.4	< 0.001
Tenting volume, ml	1.0 ± 0.6	1.7 ± 1.2	< 0.001	3.9 ± 2.3	< 0.001
Sphericity index, %	79.8 ± 9.1	79.6 ± 9.5	0.930	83.7 ± 8,7	0.031
FWS, %	-29.6 ± 3.9	-20.5 ± 7.0	< 0.001	-20.2 ± 5.7	0.830
TAPSE, cm	2.2 ± 0.4	1.5 ± 0.6	< 0.001	1.3 ± 0.4	0.053

Values are mean ± SD or n (%)
BSA body surface area, 4Ch four chambers, FWS free wall strain, PASP pulmonary artery systolic pressure, TAPSE tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, TA tricuspid annulus, TR tricuspid regurgitation, 2Ch two chambers
^*Comparison between no or mild TR and moderate TR
^†Comparison between moderate TR and severe TR

ISSN: 1476-7120